Historic Windsor Castle

Unveiling the Storied History of Windsor Castle

As the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world, Windsor Castle has been a central figure in the British monarchy's narrative, witnessing pivotal events, housing monarchs, and adapting through the ages. This article delves into the fascinating history of Windsor Castle, exploring its origins, transformations, and enduring significance.

Windsor Castle panoramic view with gardens.
Aerial view of Windsor Castle's historic architecture.
Royal procession at Windsor Castle courtyard.

The Origins of Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle's history dates back to the 11th century when William the Conqueror established the castle as part of his strategic network of fortifications. Built on a hill overlooking the River Thames, the site offered a commanding view of the surrounding landscape, making it an ideal location for defense and control. Initially constructed from timber, the castle was soon rebuilt in stone to fortify its defenses and establish a permanent royal residence.

Medieval Transformations

Throughout the medieval period, Windsor Castle underwent significant expansions and modifications. King Henry I was the first monarch to use Windsor Castle as a royal residence, setting the precedent for its role in the British monarchy. The 12th century saw extensive construction, including the addition of the Round Tower, which became one of the castle's most iconic features.

King Henry II further enhanced the castle's defenses, reinforcing the walls and adding new towers. By the time of King Edward III, Windsor Castle had transformed into a grand Gothic palace. Edward III's reign marked a period of significant architectural development, with the construction of St. George's Chapel and the establishment of the Order of the Garter, cementing Windsor Castle's status as a center of chivalry and knighthood.

Renaissance and Tudor Eras

The Tudor period brought further changes to Windsor Castle. Henry VIII, known for his expansive building projects, made substantial modifications to the castle's interior, reflecting the Renaissance influence of the time. Henry VIII also established the Long Walk, a tree-lined avenue extending from the castle to Windsor Great Park, which remains a prominent feature today.

During Elizabeth I's reign, Windsor Castle served as a refuge during times of plague. The castle's strategic location and fortified structure provided a safe haven for the queen and her court. Elizabeth I's frequent stays at Windsor contributed to the castle's continued importance as a royal residence.

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Windsor Castle History - FAQs

Windsor Castle is historically significant as the oldest and largest inhabited castle in the world, serving as a royal residence, fortress, and ceremonial space for over 900 years.

Windsor Castle was originally built by William the Conqueror in the 11th century as part of his defensive ring of fortifications around London.

Windsor Castle has evolved from a Norman fortress to a grand Gothic palace, undergoing numerous renovations and expansions during the reigns of various monarchs, including Henry II, Edward III, and Queen Victoria.

Notable events at Windsor Castle include the establishment of the Order of the Garter, royal weddings such as Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's, and state occasions and ceremonies.

Windsor Castle remains important today as a working royal residence, a site of historical and cultural significance, and a popular tourist attraction that continues to host state visits, royal ceremonies, and public events.

Travel to Windsor

Visiting Windsor Castle by Train, Bus or Car?
Information below. View Opening Times and Closures

Visit by Train

Windsor is accessible from both Waterloo and Paddington stations.

Waterloo to Windsor & Eton Riverside Station depart half hourly and hourly on Sundays.

Paddington to Windsor Central depart every 10 to 15 minutes changing once at Slough.

Visit By Bus

National Express: Operates direct coach services from London to Windsor. The journey typically takes around 1 hour 15 minutes to 1 hour 30 minutes, depending on traffic.

The Green Line 702 bus service: Runs between London Victoria and Windsor, stopping at various points along the way. This is a convenient and scenic route, taking approximately 1 hour 30 minutes.

Visit By Car

Windsor is accessible via the M3, M4, M25 and M40 Drive time from London is 40 minutes.

Consider long stay parking as a 20-minute walk saves 30% of normal short stay fees.

Park and Ride services are located at Legoland Windsor (free parking) or Windsor Home Park (pay and display).

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The Civil War and Restoration

The English Civil War in the mid-17th century had a profound impact on Windsor Castle. The castle was seized by Parliamentary forces and used as a military headquarters and prison. Following the execution of King Charles I, the castle fell into a state of disrepair. However, with the Restoration of the monarchy in 1660, King Charles II undertook extensive renovations to restore Windsor Castle to its former glory.

Charles II's contributions included the creation of the State Apartments, designed to rival the grandeur of Versailles. These lavishly decorated rooms featured intricate ceilings, tapestries, and artworks, showcasing the opulence of the Restoration period.

Georgian and Victorian Eras

The 18th and 19th centuries saw further transformations at Windsor Castle. During the Georgian era, King George III and his wife, Queen Charlotte, made Windsor their principal residence, favoring it over other royal palaces. George III's reign brought a period of stability and prosperity, and he initiated several improvements to the castle's grounds and gardens.

Queen Victoria, who had a profound impact on British history, made significant changes to Windsor Castle during her reign. Victoria and Prince Albert's love for the castle led to numerous restorations and the introduction of modern amenities. Their efforts ensured that Windsor Castle remained a functional and comfortable residence for the royal family. Queen Victoria's long reign also saw Windsor Castle become the site of numerous state occasions and royal ceremonies, solidifying its status as a symbol of the British monarchy.

Windsor Castle in the Modern Era

The 20th and 21st centuries have continued to see Windsor Castle as a focal point of the British monarchy. During World War II, the castle played a crucial role as a safe haven for the royal family. King George VI and Queen Elizabeth (the Queen Mother) ensured that Windsor Castle remained secure, with its valuable artworks and furnishings protected from potential bomb damage

In recent decades, Windsor Castle has been the site of numerous significant events, including the wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle in 2018. The castle's State Apartments and St. George's Chapel continue to host state visits, royal receptions, and ceremonial occasions, maintaining its importance in British public life.

Architectural Marvels of Windsor Castle

Windsor Castle's architectural splendor is a testament to its long and varied history. The castle's design reflects the changing tastes and styles of different eras, from its Norman foundations to its Gothic, Renaissance, and Victorian elements. The Round Tower, with its commanding presence, remains one of the most iconic features of the castle, symbolizing its defensive strength and historical continuity.

St. George's Chapel, a masterpiece of Gothic architecture, is another highlight of Windsor Castle. Built during the reign of Edward IV and completed under Henry VIII, the chapel is the spiritual heart of the Order of the Garter. It has witnessed numerous royal weddings, funerals, and ceremonies, making it a place of profound historical and cultural significance.

The Royal Collection at Windsor Castle

The Royal Collection at Windsor Castle is one of the most important art collections in the world. It includes works by renowned artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Rembrandt, and Michelangelo, as well as an extensive collection of furniture, ceramics, and tapestries. The State Apartments, adorned with these treasures, offer a glimpse into the artistic and cultural heritage of the British monarchy.

Visitor Experience at Windsor Castle

Today, Windsor Castle is one of the most popular tourist attractions in the United Kingdom. Visitors from around the world come to explore its historic rooms, magnificent gardens, and unparalleled art collection. The castle's daily changing of the guard ceremony, reminiscent of Buckingham Palace, adds to its charm and appeal.

Guided tours provide an in-depth look at the castle's history, architecture, and royal significance. Special exhibitions and events, such as the annual Garter Day procession, offer unique insights into the traditions and ceremonies associated with Windsor Castle.

Visiting Windsor Castle in 2024

A Windsor Castle admission ticket provides access to all public areas of the castle and gardens. By booking your ticket and arrival slot online in advance, you can help ensure your visit goes to plan.

Opening Times
1st March – 31st October

Open Thursday to Monday: 10:00-17:15 - Last admission: 16:00

1st November – 28th February

Open Thursday to Monday: 10:00-16:15 - Last admission: 15:00

Please Note:

Closed: Windsor Castle is closed on Tuesdays and Wednesdays.

Due to Windsor Castle's status as a functioning royal palace, there may be occasions where either the entire castle or the State Apartments within it must be closed with little advance notice.

Visitors Frequently Asked Questions

It is best to book in advance as there is a reduction in price if you book in advance compared to paying on the day. Children under 5 enter for free.
In advance On the day
Adult £28 £30
Young Adult (18-24) £18 £19.50
Child (5-17) £15.50 £16.50
Disabled £15.50 £16.50

While photography is allowed outside the Castle buildings, it is strictly prohibited inside the Castle as well as within St George's Chapel.

Yes, you can get refreshments at Windsor Castle. The Undercroft Café, located in the castle's medieval Undercroft, offers visitors the chance to relax with a refreshing drink or a bite to eat. It is important to note that consuming food and beverages is strictly prohibited inside the State Apartments or St George's Chapel. Additionally, the castle has a gift shop that offers a selection of snacks and beverages for visitors to enjoy on-the-go.

Yes, multimedia guides are included in the admission fee for all visitors. This provides a self-guided tour of the castle's highlights. The guides are available in several languages.

Windsor Castle welcomes all visitors with accessibility in mind. Concessionary rates are offered to individuals with disabilities, and a complimentary admission is granted to their accompanying companion. This ensures that everyone can enjoy the splendor of Windsor Castle without any barriers.

There is no onsite paeking at windsor castle however the town of windsor has several pay and display car parks close by.
River St car park (SL4 1QT), Alma road car park (SL4 3HY) and Alexandra car park (SL4 3HY) are all within walking distance of windsor castle.
There is also a park and ride located at Romney Lock (SL4 6HX)

Yes, group booking are available. Ideally groups should pre-book an arrival time.
Please call the Ticket Sales and Information Office on +44 (0)303 123 7321.
Groups of 15 or over will receive a discounted admission fee.

The Guards march from Victoria barracks in windsor and into the castle via Sheet street and then High street.
They usually arrive in the castle just before 11:00am.
If you want to see the full ceremony you will need to be inside the castle.
The times can be subject to change so please check the household divisions website for up to date information and to see which regiment will be on duty.

Windsor Castle

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